Arc Welding: Types, Process, and Applications Explained

As highlighted in Universal Technical Institute’s article “Types of Arc Welding & How It Works – Ultimate Guide,” arc welding is a fusion process that uses an electric arc to join metals by generating heat as high as 6,500 degrees Fahrenheit. This heat melts the metals at the point of contact, forming a strong bond. Arc welding relies on either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) as a power source and is guided by either manual or mechanical means.

Key Equipment in Arc Welding:

• Welding Machine: Supplies the power to generate heat.
• Electrode Holder: Holds the electrode at the proper angle during welding.
• Cables and Connectors: Transmit current from the machine to the workpiece.
• Protective Gear: Welding emits harmful UV and infrared rays, requiring specialized clothing, face shields, and gloves for protection.

Main Types of Arc Welding:

1. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW):
   • Also known as metal inert gas (MIG) welding.
   • Uses a continuous solid wire electrode and shielding gas to protect the weld pool.
   • Ideal for indoor use in industries like construction, aerospace, and automotive.
   • Produces minimal waste and can be automated, making it efficient for production.
2. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW):
   • Commonly referred to as “stick welding.”
   • Uses a flux-coated electrode to shield the arc and prevent contamination.
   • Versatile and effective on ferrous metals, carbon steel, and cast iron.
   • Suitable for indoor and outdoor applications, such as shipbuilding and construction.
3. Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW):
   • Uses a hollow wire electrode filled with flux, which creates a protective gas shield during welding.
   • Ideal for outdoor use and for welding dirty or contaminated materials.
   • Suitable for welding thick materials and commonly used in heavy industries like shipbuilding.
4. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW):
   • Also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.
   • Requires a non-consumable tungsten electrode and provides precise, high-quality welds.
   • Often used in industries that require exacting standards, such as aerospace and automotive.

Why Arc Welding Matters in Metal Fabrication:

Arc welding is indispensable in industrial manufacturing, particularly for applications that require strong, durable joints. Techniques like MIG and TIG welding are highly valued for their precision and versatility, making them ideal for constructing custom metal components.

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Article with all rights reserved, courtesy of uti.edu.